Behavioral factors affect both the etiology and the prognosis of musculoskeletal disorders. Application of behavioral interventions contributes to the prevention of musculoskeletal disorders and to the reduction of pain, disability, and sick leave in patients with established disorders. Focusing on the role of cognitive, emotional, and behavioral factors, this special issue aims to further understanding of the interactions between behavioral factors and musculoskeletal disorders. In addition, its intent is to stimulate contributions from this growing field of research.